China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends,
Challenges, and Implications for the
United States
Challenges, and Implications for the
United States
Prior to the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 34 years ago, China
maintained policies that kept the economy very poor, stagnant, centrally controlled, vastly
inefficient, and relatively isolated from the global economy. Since opening up to foreign trade and
investment and implementing free market reforms in 1979, China has been among the world’s
fastest-growing economies, with real annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth averaging
nearly 10% through 2012. In recent years, China has emerged as a major global economic and
trade power. It is currently the world’s second-largest economy, largest merchandise exporter,
second-largest merchandise importer, second-largest destination of foreign direct investment
(FDI), largest manufacturer, and largest holder of foreign exchange reserves.....more
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